I have often heard the rumour that the British police commonly beat up those suspected of major crimes. The allegation is that the cozzers frequently compelled suspects to confess to crimes they did not commit.
I have read The Autobigraphy of a Thief by Bruce Reynolds. This career criminal had more than a few encounters with the boys in blue. He only recounted two occasions on which he was in any way mistreated by the police.
In 1946 Bruce Reynolds was cycling in London. He sped past a policeman and said something disobliging to this officer of the law. The police caught up with the 15 year old Reynolds and according to himself they gave him a hiding.
In 1959 Reynolds was a notorious criminal. This career thief was caught committing robbery with violence. The police interrupted this escapade and Reynolds according to himself attacked a police officer. When Reynolds was taken to West End Central he was severely beaten up. Even then he never alleged any broken bones.
Until the age of 50 or so Reynolds almost never worked. He was only ever a felon. He committed hundreds of crimes and was arrested on many occasions. If even he claims only to have been beaten up twice then the reputation of the police deserves to be much better. He said that the police sometimes manufactured evidence against him. He is an unreliable source. Reynolds said he was only once ever wrongfully convicted and that was in the 1980s. Why would he claim that the police fitted him up if they did not? That means they created bogus evidence. He would say that because he wished people to believe that he was so cunning that he could never be convicted by fair means.
On the other hand he got away with hundreds of crimes. He was sometimes wrongfully acquitted.
Despite all this even this public enemy tipped his hat to the police. He said that he had the highest regards for many of the officers who performed their duty honourably.